Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - Practice Exam

1.     In teaching a female client who is HIV-positive about pregnancy, the nurse would know more teaching is necessary when the client says:

A.     "The baby can get the virus from my placenta."

B.     "I'm planning on starting on birth control pills."

C.    "Not everyone who has the virus gives birth to a baby who has the virus."

D.    "I'll need to have a C-section if I become pregnant and have a baby."

2.     A mother with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection brings her 10-month-old infant to the clinic for a routine checkup. The physician has documented that the infant is asymptomatic for HIV infection. After the checkup the mother tells the nurse that she is so pleased that the infant will not get HIV. The most appropriate nursing response to the mother is:

A.     "I am so pleased also that everything has turned out fine."

B.     "Everything looks great, but be sure that you return with your infant next month for the scheduled visit."

C.    "Most children infected with HIV develop symptoms within the first 9 months of life, and some become symptomatic sometime before age 3."

D.    "Since symptoms have not developed, it is unlikely that your infant will develop HIV infection."

3.     A newborn infant of a mother who has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is tested for the presence of HIV antibodies. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is performed, and the results are positive. A nurse interprets these results as:

A.     Positive for H1V virus.

B.     Indicating the presence of maternal infection.

C.    Indicating the absence of maternal infection.

D.    Negative for HIV virus.

4.     A 38-year-old woman visits the physician for HIV testing. The physician notifies the patient that the results are positive. The patient asks the nurse what this means. The nurse's response should be based on an understanding that:

A.     the patient has AIDS.

B.     the patient will develop AIDS within the year.

C.    the patient has been exposed to the HIV virus.

D.    the patient has been infected with the HIV virus.

5.     A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develops Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for this client?

A.     Impaired gas exchange

B.     Impaired oral mucous membranes

C.    Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements

D.    Activity intolerance

6.     The client, who is dying from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit because he attempted suicide. His close friend recently died from AIDS. The client states to the nurse, "What's the use of living? My time is running out." What is the nurse's best response?

A.     "Let's talk about making some good use of that time."

B.     "Don't give up. There could be a cure for AIDS tomorrow."

C.    "You're in a lot of pain. What are you feeling?"

D.    "Life is precious and worth living."

7.     A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In planning care to address the psychosocial issues, the nurse would expect that this child:

A.     Is unable to grasp the concept of illness and death.

B.     Begins to understand that something is wrong.

C.    Begins to conceptualize the death process as involving physical harm.

D.    Will express fear, withdrawal, and denial.

8.     While attending a support group, the parents of a child with hemophilia become concerned because several of the families have had older children who have died from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). They ask the nurse how these children got the AIDS virus. The nurse bases the response on which of the following as the most likely route of transmission of AIDS to these children?

A.     Contamination of the factor VIII replacement received during bleeding episodes.

B.     Casual contact with a child testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

C.    Use of a contaminated needle to obtain a blood sample for type and crossmatching.

D.    Exposure in the waiting room to children with AIDS attending the same hematology clinic.

9.     A 26-year-old homosexual is diagnosed with AIDS. The primary nurse reports to the nursing team that the client wept when told of the diagnosis. One of the nursing assistants responds, "I don't feel sorry for him. He made his bed, and now he can lie in it." This comment is most likely a result of the nursing assistant's:

A.     Values and beliefs about sexual life-styles

B.     Anger and mistrust of homosexual males in general

C.    Discomfort with men who are unable to control their emotions

D.    Hostility over having to care for someone with a sexually related disease

10.   A child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is hospitalized for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The child will be receiving nebulizer treatments at home when discharged. The nurse instructs the mother regarding the maintenance of the nebulizer equipment and tells the mother to:

A.     Clean the nebulizer pieces after each treatment with one-fourth strength bleach and water.

B.     Clean the nebulizer pieces with warm water after each treatment and allow to air dry.

C.    Boil the nebulizer pieces for 15 minutes after each treatment.

D.    Clean the mouthpiece with alcohol after each use and soak in alcohol for 30 minutes at the end of each day.

11.   A client with AIDS comments to the nurse, "There are so many rotten people around. Why couldn't one of them get AIDS instead of me?" The nurse could best respond:

A.     "It seems unfair that you should be so ill."

B.     "I can understand why you're afraid of death."

C.    "Have you thought of speaking with a minister?"

D.    "I'm sure you really don't wish this on someone else."

12.   A physician prescribes laboratory studies for an infant of a woman who has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to determine the presence of HIV antigen. The nurse anticipates that which laboratory study will be prescribed?

A.     Western blot

B.     Chest x-ray

C.    CD4+ count

D.    p24 antigen assay

13.   The nursing staff has a team conference on AIDS and discusses the routes of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The discussion reveals that an individual has no risk of exposure to HIV when that individual:

A.     Has intercourse with just the spouse

B.     Makes a donation of a pint of whole blood

C.    Limits sexual contact to those without HIV antibodies

D.    Uses a condom each time there is sexual intercourse

14.   A 1-year-old is in the pediatric unit for management of AIDS. The child is receiving zidovudine (AZT) every 6 hours. The nurse evaluates that the child is in life-threatening AZT toxicity when the child manifests:

A.     Fatigue and lethargy

B.     A progressive weight loss

C.    An increased urine output

D.    Multiple bruises on the limbs and trunk

15.   A client with human immunodeficiency virus undergoes intradermal anergy testing using Candida and mumps antigen. During the 3 days following the tests, there is no induration or evidence of reaction at the intradermal injection sites. The most accurate conclusion the nurse can make is the:

A.     client has no previous exposure to the antigens injected.

B.     results demonstrate the client has antibodies to the antigens.

C.    client is immunodeficient and won't have a skin response.

D.    client isn't allergic to the antigens and therefore doesn't react.

16.   An infant of a mother infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is seen in the clinic each month and is being monitored for symptoms indicative of HIV. The nurse assesses the infant, knowing that the most common opportunistic infection of children infected with HIV is:

A.     Gastroenteritis

B.     Meningitis

C.    Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

D.    Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia

17.   The nursing diagnosis with the highest priority for a child with AIDS would be:

A.     Risk for injury

B.     Risk for infection

C.    Alteration in growth and development

D.    Alteration in nutrition: less than body requirements

18.   The nurse is working in a support group for clients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which point is most important for the nurse to stress?

A.     Avoiding the use of illicit drugs and alcohol

B.     Refraining from telling anyone about the diagnosis

C.    Following safer-sex practices

D.    Telling potential sex partners about the diagnosis, as required by law

19.   A patient who has acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) develops Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The patient asks the nurse, "How did I get this pneumonia?" The nurse's response should be based on which of these statements about PCP?

A.     It occurs in immunosuppressed persons from proliferation of organisms that are normally present in the body.

B.     It is transmitted from close contact with an infected individual who has a suppressed immune system.

C.    It results from exposure to a carrier of the organism who has not taken appropriate precautions.

D.    It is most often acquired from unprotected sex with an infected individual.

20.   During a late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a client demonstrates signs of AIDS-related dementia. The nurse should give the highest priority to which nursing diagnosis?

A.     Bathing or hygiene self-care deficit

B.     Ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion

C.    Dysfunctional grieving

D.    Risk for injury

21.   The nurse has a client at 30 weeks' gestation who has tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What should the nurse tell the client when she says that she wants to breast-feed her baby?

A.     Encourage breast-feeding so that she can get her rest and get healthier.

B.     Encourage breast-feeding because it's healthier for the baby.

C.    Encourage breast-feeding to facilitate bonding.

D.    Discourage breast-feeding because HIV can be transmitted through breast milk.

For answers and rationale click the link below:
http://ilovenurselouie.blogspot.com/2014/07/acquired-immuno-deficiency-syndrome_30.html